The impact of poor fetal growth and chronic hyperpalatable diet exposure in adulthood on hippocampal function and feeding patterns in male rats.

Poor fetal growth affects eating behavior and the mesocorticolimbic system; however, its influence on the hippocampus has been less explored. Brain insulin sensitivity has been linked to developmental plasticity in response to fetal adversity and to cognitive performance following high-fat diet intake. We investigated whether poor fetal growth and exposure to chronic hyperpalatable food in adulthood could influence the recognition of environmental and food cues, eating behavior patterns, and hippocampal insulin signaling. At 60 days of life, we assigned male offspring from a prenatal animal model of 50% food restriction (FR) to receive either a high-fat and -sugar (HFS) diet or standard chow (CON) diet. Behavioral tests were conducted at 140 days, then tissues were collected. HFS groups showed a diminished hippocampal pAkt/Akt ratio. FR-CON and FR-HFS groups had higher levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, compared to control groups. FR groups showed increased exploration of a novel hyperpalatable food, independent of their diet, and HFS groups exhibited overall lower entropy (less random, more predictable eating behavior) when the environment changed. Poor fetal growth and chronic HFS diet in adulthood altered hippocampal insulin signaling and eating patterns, diminishing the flexibility associated with eating behavior in response to extrinsic changes in food availability in the environment.

Malignant salivary gland tumors: agreement between fine needle aspiration biopsy, incisional biopsy and final histopathological diagnostic / Tumores malignos de glándulas salivales: concordancia entre biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina, biopsia incisional y diagnóstico histopatológico final

Background: Incisional biopsy is indicated for intraoral tumors, but it is a contraindicated surgical procedure formajor salivary glands. To avoid complications and facilitate diagnosis, fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is atype of biopsy widely used for preoperative diagnosis in these glands.Material and Methods: The aim of this study was to analyze the agreement between the diagnosis by FNAB (ma-jor glands), incisional biopsy (minor glands) and histopathological analysis of the surgical specimen in salivarygland tumors from a database (medical records) of patients treated in a cancer treatment reference center in theNortheast region of Brazil.Results: The sample consisted of 110 cases, being 86 of them malignant tumors in major salivary glands (parotidgland=73; submandibular gland=13) and 24 cases in minor salivary glands (palate). The female gender was themost affected (57.3%), especially in patients over 60 years (42.7%). In the TNM classification, 41.8% of the caseswere in T2 at the time of diagnosis, with most of the regional lymph nodes in N0 (85.5%) and 87.3% of the casesin M0. FNAB was able to identify malignant neoplasms in 68.6% of the cases (n=59), while incisional biopsy inpalatal tumors obtained agreement of 75% of the cases (n=18). The analysis revealed that tumors classified as T3-T4 (p=0.012) showed greater agreement between pre- and post-surgical diagnosis.(AU)

A Systematic Review of the Granular Cell Odontogenic Fibroma and Report of a New Case.

BACKGROUND: Granular Cell Odontogenic Fibroma (GCOF) is a rare odontogenic neoplasm reported over time with different names. The purpose of this study is to review all available data on the GCOF in the scientific literature, with a summary of all reported cases and a report of a new case. METHODS: This review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search was performed up to November 2022. RESULTS: Thirty-nine studies reporting fifty-three cases were included. GCOF is a rare neoplasm among the odontogenic tumors, with a higher prevalence in women of the middle-aged and white population. This lesion occurs mostly on the posterior region of the mandible. Furthermore, based on clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features, conservative treatment was the most reported choice with recurrence reported in two cases. CONCLUSION: GCOF remains controversial due to the still unsolved histogenesis.

Perfil sociodemográfico de pessoas trans acompanhadas pelo serviço de atenção especializada e transdisciplinar da Universidade Federal de São Paulo / Socio-demographic profile of trans persons followed by the specialized and transdisciplinary care service of the Federal University of Sao Paulo

Introdução: O ambulatório do Núcleo de Estudos, Pesquisa, Extensão e Assistência à Pessoa trans Professor Roberto Farina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Núcleo TransUnifesp (NTU) - desenvolve um conjunto de atividades transdisciplinares sobre transgeneridade e intersexualidade. Sua equipe é composta por profissionais de diferentes áreas que possuem como diretriz o cuidado do sujeito em sua integralidade. Objetivos: Descrever, na forma de relato de experiência, o perfil sociodemográfico das pessoas atendidas. Métodos: Estudo transversal exploratório sobre as características sociodemográficas das pessoas atendidas no ambulatório do NTU entre 2017 e 2022 (5 anos). As informações foram obtidas por autodeclaração a partir do preenchimento do cadastro por ocasião do acolhimento. Resultados: Dos 255 cadastros, verificamos que a idade das pessoas variou de 18 aos 73 anos (média 29,8 anos). Dessas, 109 (42,5%) declararam terem feito a retificação de seus documentos. Quanto à raça/cor, 143 (56,0%) se declararam brancas, 66 (25,8%) pardas, 29 (11,3%) pretas, 4 (1,5%) amarelas, 3 (1,1%) indígenas e de 10 (3,9%) não obtivemos informação. Do total, 191 (74,9%) referiram ser casadas, 48 (18,9%) solteiras e 16 (6,2%) não informaram. Em relação ao gênero, 122 (47,8%) são mulheres, 87 (34,1%) homens trans, 22 (8,6%) travestis, 10 (3,9%) não binárias, 3 (1,2%) sem gênero; 2 (0,8%) queer; 1 (0,4%) cross-dresser, 4 (1,5%) outra e 4 (1,5%) não informaram. Quanto à escolaridade, 21 (8,2%) possuem o fundamental incompleto, (2,3%) fundamental completo, 19 (7,4%) médio incompleto, 87 (34,1%) médio completo; 70 (27,4%) superior incompleto, 37 (14,5%) superior completo, 8 (3,1%) com pós-graduação e 7 (2,7%) não informaram. Quanto a procedência, 105 (41,2%) moram na capital (São Paulo) e 143 (56,1%) fora. Em relação à orientação sexual, 137 (53,7%) se declararam heterossexuais, 22 (8,6%) bissexuais, 17 (6,7%) homossexuais, 7 (2,7%) assexuais, 4 (1,6%) pansexuais, 6 (2,4%) com outras orientações e 62 (24,3%) não informaram. Do total, 41 (16%) eram estudantes, 38 (14,9%) trabalhadores(as) de serviços, 30 (11,7%) do comércio, 19 (7,4%) desempregadas, 17 (6,6%) trabalham como técnicas de nível médio, 16 (6,2%) na indústria, 12 (4,7%) em serviço administrativo, 12 (4,7%) e 11 (4,3%) como profissionais das ciências sociais ou humanas e ciências biológicas ou da saúde respectivamente, 10 (3,9%) educadoras, 7 (2,7%) do lar; 4 (1,5%) trabalhadoras da lavoura, 23 (9%) em outras ocupações e 15 (5,9%) não informaram. Três pessoas declararam serem trabalhadoras do sexo. Quanto aos procedimentos realizados previamente, 139 (54,5%) fizeram hormonização sem orientação de profissional de saúde, das quais 83 (59,7%) eram mulheres trans, 34 (24,4%) homens trans, 14 (10,0%) travestis, 4 (2,8%) pessoas de gênero não binário e outras 4 com outra identidade. Do total, 25 pessoas (9,8%) relataram a aplicação de silicone industrial. Quanto às demandas em saúde, a busca na clínica pela endocrinologia e saúde mental (psicologia e psiquiatria), e a mastectomia e neovulvovaginoplastia na cirurgia, foram as mais procuradas. Conclusões: A experiência de equipe do NTU reconhece a importância da atenção primária transdisciplinar como porta de entrada para o atendimento de pessoas trans, e da atenção especializada ofertada em rede, especialmente quando ligado à universidade, na produção de conhecimento e formação de profissionais, garantindo maior suporte em situações de demandas complexas, contribuindo com a ampliação do atendimento integral e com o acesso aos equipamentos de saúde específicos.

Effect of two methods of irrigant agitation on the temperature and cleanliness of sodium hypochlorite associated or not with a chelator: irrigant agitation and influence in temperature

Aim: This study investigated the influence in vitro of different sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) agitation protocols associated or not with DualRinse (HEDP) on the temperature of the solution. Methods: Forty-eight premolars were instrumented and their apical third sealed to allow a closed irrigation system. The teeth remained immersed in a basin of warm water (37°C). The teeth were divided into the groups: G1 (NaOCl+Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI)), G2 (NaOCl/HEDP + PUI), G3 (NaOCl + EasyClean (EC)) and G4 (NaOCl/HEDP + EC). The canals were filled with the respective solutions and after 180 seconds the first temperature measurement was taken (T0). Then, the solutions were agitated, following the different protocols, for 60 seconds and a new measurement was performed (T60). The temperature was measured using a digital thermometer for type "K" sensors that was inserted into the middle third of the teeth. At the end of the measurements, the teeth were sectioned and prepared for scanning electron microscopy. The dentinal wall of middle third was graded according to the amount of debris and smear layer remaining on the walls. The results were analyzed using ANOVA test and Tukey's multiple comparisons (p<0.05). Results: G1 and G2 had an average increase in temperature of 1.1°C and 1.65°C, respectively (p>0.05). EasyClean caused a decrease in the temperature of the solutions in both groups, without a significant statistical difference with T0 (p>0.05). Regarding cleaning, it was only possible to observe clean dentinal tubules in the groups with the chelator. PUI discretely increased the temperature of the solution, regardless of the solution. The opposite effect was observed after activation with EasyClean. Conclusion: The association of NaOCl with a chelating agent promoted the cleaning of the dentinal tubules

The response of dual-species bacterial biofilm to 2% and 5% NaOCl mixed with etidronic acid: A laboratory real-time evaluation using optical coherence tomography.

AIM: The addition of etidronic acid (HEDP) to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) could increase the antibiofilm potency of the irrigant, whilst maintaining the benefits of continuous chelation. Studies conducted so far have shown that mixing HEDP with NaOCl solutions of relatively low concentration does not compromise the antibiofilm efficacy of the irrigant. However, the working lifespan of NaOCl may decrease resulting in a reduction of its antibiofilm efficacy over time (efficiency). In this regard, continuous irrigant replenishment needs to be examined. This study investigated the response of a dual-species biofilm when challenged with 2% and 5% NaOCl mixed with HEDP for a prolonged timespan and under steady laminar flow. METHODOLOGY: Dual-species biofilms comprised of Streptococcus oralis J22 and Actinomyces naeslundii T14V-J1 were grown on human dentine discs in a constant depth film fermenter (CDFF) for 96 h. Biofilms were treated with 2% and 5% NaOCl, alone or mixed with HEDP. Irrigants were applied under steady laminar flow for 8 min. Biofilm response was evaluated by means of optical coherence tomography (OCT). Biofilm removal, biofilm disruption, rate of biofilm loss and disruption as well as bubble formation were assessed. One-way anova, Wilcoxon's signed-rank test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were performed for statistical analysis of the data. The level of significance was set at a ≤.05. RESULTS: Increasing NaOCl concentration resulted in increased biofilm removal and disruption, higher rate of biofilm loss and disruption and increased bubble formation. Mixing HEDP with NaOCl caused a delay in the antibiofilm action of the latter, without compromising its antibiofilm efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: NaOCl concentration dictates the biofilm response irrespective of the presence of HEDP. The addition of HEDP resulted in a delay in the antibiofilm action of NaOCl. This delay affects the efficiency, but not the efficacy of the irrigant over time.

Physical Activity Self-Report Is Not Reliable Among Subjects with Mild Vascular Cognitive Impairment: The AFIVASC Study.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week. Adherence to these recommendations is difficult to assess. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the validity of self-reported physical activity in mild vascular cognitive impairment (mVCI) and whether physical activity was associated with cognitive status, by using baseline data from a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: A hundred and four subjects with mVCI were included (mean age 72 years; 51% women). Subjects underwent neurological, physical, and comprehensive neuropsychological assessments. Adherence to WHO physical activity recommendations was evaluated using both self-reported information and objective measures (accelerometry). RESULTS: There was poor agreement (kappa = 0.106) between self-report of following WHO recommendations and actually fulfilling them according to accelerometry. Only 16.6% of participants reported following WHO recommendations and displayed compatible values according to the accelerometer. Participants whose accelerometry values confirmed adherence to WHO recommendations had better performance in a global measure of cognition, attention, and mental speed processing. In multiple regression analyses, education and accelerometry values in accordance with WHO recommendations were independently associated with the global measure of cognition, attention, and processing speed, controlling for sex, age, and depressive symptoms. Accelerometry results were not associated with memory and executive functions. CONCLUSION: In this sample of mVCI subjects, self-reported physical activity displayed poor agreement with accelerometry values, suggesting that objective measures of physical activity are preferable. Physical activity (performed, at least, according to WHO recommendations) was associated with better cognitive performance overall.

Handgrip Strength Thresholds are Associated With Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim is to verify the association between nutritional status and muscle strength, considering handgrip strength (HGS) cutoffs associated with sarcopenia and mortality. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis, including hemodialysis patients. Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) was used to assess nutritional status. Muscle function was assessed by HGS, and the considered cutoffs were established by other studies. Cutoffs for sarcopenia diagnosis were 27 and 16 kg for males and females, respectively; cutoffs associated with mortality were 22 and 7 kg for males and females, respectively. Two binary logistic regression models were built, with HGS categorized according to the cutoff for sarcopenia and mortality as dependent variables. RESULTS: Of the 218 patients who were included, 56.9% were male, the mean age was 58.3 years, and 44.7% diabetic; 132 patients (60.6%) had HGS <27 or 16 kg. Age, prevalence of diabetes, and MIS were higher, creatinine and albumin were lower in patients with HGS below these values; 77 patients (35.2%) had HGS <22 or 7 kg. Age, male, and diabetes prevalence, CRP and MIS were higher, midarm muscle circumference (MAMC), creatinine, albumin, and urea were lower in patients with HGS below these values. In the logistic regression MIS (OR 1.202; 95% CI 1.073-1.347; P < .01), age, male, diabetes, and MAMC were associated with the risk of HGS below the cutoffs for sarcopenia. MIS (OR 1.322; 95% CI 1.192-1.467; P < .01), age, male, and diabetes were associated with the risk of HGS below the cutoffs associated with mortality. CONCLUSION: Worse nutritional status increases the risk of HGS below the cutoffs associated with sarcopenia and mortality in hemodialysis patients.

Digital home-based multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation: How to counteract physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction and Objectives: Center-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs have been forced to close due to COVID-19. Alternative delivery models to maintain access to CR programs and to avoid physical inactivity should be considered. The aim of this study was to assess physical activity (PA) levels after completing a home-based digital CR program. Methods: A total of 116 cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients (62.6±8.9 years, 95 male) who had been attending a face-to-face CR program were recruited and assessed (baseline and at three months) on the following parameters: PA, sedentary behavior, adherence, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular symptoms, feelings toward the pandemic, dietary habits, risk factor control, safety and adverse events. The intervention consisted of a multidisciplinary digital CR program, including regular patient assessment, and exercise, educational and psychological group sessions. Results: Ninety-eight CVD patients successfully completed all the online assessments (15.5% drop-out rate). A favorable main effect of time was an increase in moderate to vigorous PA and a decrease in sedentary time at three months. Almost half of the participants completed at least one online exercise training session per week and attended at least one of the online educational sessions. No major adverse events were reported and only one minor event occurred. Conclusion: During the pandemic, levels of moderate to vigorous PA improved after three months of home-based CR in CVD patients with previous experience in a face-to-face CR model. Diversified CR programs with a greater variety of content tailored to individual preferences are needed to meet the motivational and clinical requirements of CVD patients.

Introdução e objetivos: Os programas convencionais de reabilitação cardíaca (RC) foram forçados a encerrar devido à Covid-19. Modelos alternativos para que os doentes tenham acesso a um programa de RC evitando a inatividade física devem ser considerados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os níveis de atividade física (AF) de um programa digital de RC em casa. Métodos: Foram recrutados e avaliados (inicialmente e aos três meses) 116 doentes cardiovasculares (CV) (62,6±8,9 anos, 95 homens) que frequentavam um programa presencial de RC, nos seguintes parâmetros: AF, comportamento sedentário, adesão, sintomas CV e não CV, sentimentos face à pandemia, hábitos alimentares, fatores de risco, segurança e eventos adversos. A intervenção consistiu num programa digital multidisciplinar de RC, inclusive acompanhamento regular, sessões de exercício, de ensino e de psicologia em grupo. Resultados: Completaram com sucesso todas as avaliações online (15,5% drop-out) 98 pessoas com doença CV. Houve um efeito favorável no aumento da AF moderada a vigorosa e diminuição do tempo sedentário aos três meses. Quase metade da amostra fez, pelo menos, mais de uma sessão de exercício físico online por semana e assistiu a pelo menos uma das sessões educacionais online. Não se verificaram eventos major e registou-se apenas um minor. Conclusão: Em tempo de pandemia, os níveis de AF moderada a vigorosa melhoraram após três meses em doentes CV que frequentavam previamente um modelo presencial de RC. São necessários mais programas de RC com maior variedade de conteúdos adaptados à preferência individual para dar resposta às necessidades motivacionais e clínicas dos doentes CV.

Physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide pastes in association with other compounds

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the pH, Ca2+ release, solubility, and antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) pastes in association with different substances. Methods: Sixty acrylic teeth (n=10) were filled with pastes that associated Ca(OH)2 with the following substances: benzalkonium chloride 5% (G1) and 50% (G2) both in propylene glycol, arnica glycolic extract (G3), green tea glycolic extract (G4), Calen/PMCC™ (G5), and Calen™ (G6). In the group G1 to G4 were used 1g of Ca(OH)2 powder with 0,8g of vehicle. pH and Ca2+ release was measured after 7, 15, and 30 days. For solubility, micro-CT was used immediately and at the periods of 7, 15, and 30 days. For the antimicrobial analysis, a biofilm of E. faecalis was induced in vitro on bovine dentin discs. Live/dead viability dye and confocal scanning microscopy were used. Results: The highest pH values occurred on the first 7 days, and the G6, G1, G3, and G5 presented the highest pH values at this period (P <0.05). Ca2+ release was higher in all groups at 7 days, with the highest values observed in G1, G5, and G6. The volume of all pastes showed no significant difference in the intragroup analysis at 7 and 15 days (P <0.05). G1 and G2 showed the highest antimicrobial action (P <0.05). For the biovolume, there was difference between the G6 and the other groups (P >0.05) with G1 presenting the lowest values. Conclusion: Benzalkonium chloride 5% increases the antimicrobial action of the Ca(OH2), without impairs physicochemical properties

Triceps surae muscle-tendon unit mechanical property changes during 10 minutes of streching.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of 10-min static stretching on the triceps surae mechanical properties. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental one-group pre test-post test study compared the time points of before, after, and minute by minute of one session of triceps surae passive static stretching. METHODS: 15 participants performed a 10-min plantar flexor passive static stretching on the isokinetic dynamometer. We evaluated passive torque and myotendinous junction (MTJ) displacement before, minute by minute, and after the intervention. In contrast, we evaluated the range of motion (ROM), passive torque, MTJ displacement, and hysteresis before and after the intervention. Paired t-test compared pre and post-intervention time points. Passive torque and MTJ displacement in the minute-by-minute evaluations were compared by repeated measures one-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni post-hoc test. RESULTS: ROM increased (effect size d = 0.56) and passive torque and muscle-tendon unit stiffness decreased (effect size d = 0.65 and d = 0.73, respectively) post-stretching. There was a reduction only in passive torque in the minute-by-minute evaluation, mainly at minutes five and seven. CONCLUSIONS: passive torque decreased over a 10-min static stretching session of the ankle plantar flexors, followed by a ROM increase and muscle-tendon unit, a stiffness decrease.

Herpetic whitlow in a child with AIDS: the importance of Tzanck test in the diagnosis

Abstract Herpetic whitlow is a viral infection of the fingers caused by the herpes simplex virus. The disease has a bimodal age distribution, affecting children under 10 years of age and young adults between 20 and 30 years old. It can be easily mistaken for panaritium or bacterial cellulitis. In patients with AIDS, atypical, chronic and recurrent ulcerated lesions occur. The Tzanck test allows a quick and low-cost diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infection. The authors report the case of a child with AIDS with painful finger ulcers in which the diagnosis was confirmed by the Tzanck test.

Herpetic whitlow in a child with AIDS: the importance of Tzanck test in the diagnosis.

Herpetic whitlow is a viral infection of the fingers caused by the herpes simplex virus. The disease has a bimodal age distribution, affecting children under 10 years of age and young adults between 20 and 30 years old. It can be easily mistaken for panaritium or bacterial cellulitis. In patients with AIDS, atypical, chronic and recurrent ulcerated lesions occur. The Tzanck test allows a quick and low-cost diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infection. The authors report the case of a child with AIDS with painful finger ulcers in which the diagnosis was confirmed by the Tzanck test.

The effects of 12-months supervised periodized training on health-related physical fitness in coronary artery disease: a randomized controlled trial.

We compared the impact of a one-year periodized exercise training versus a non-periodized exercise training on health-related physical fitness (HRPF) including body composition, cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Fifty CAD patients (60.4 ± 9.9 years) were randomized to either a periodized training group (PG) (n = 25) or a non-periodized training group (NPG) (n = 25). Both consisted of a combined training programme, performed 3 days/week for 12 months. Thirty-six CAD patients (PG: n = 18, NPG: n = 18) successfully completed the exercise regimes. In both groups, a favourable main effect for time was evident for peak VO2, peak workload, anaerobic threshold and respiratory compensation point workloads and VO2, whole body skeletal muscle mass and quality index at 12 months.In conclusion, a periodized model is as effective as a non-periodized model in promoting increases in HRPF outcomes following a one-year intervention. These findings indicate that health-professionals can add variation to cardiac rehabilitation workouts without compromising effectiveness.

Chondrosarcoma of the Temporomandibular Joint: Systematic Review and Survival Analysis of Cases Reported to Date.

The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the available data on TMJ chondrosarcomas and to perform a survival analysis of cases reported to date. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA. Two authors performed an electronic search of case reports of TMJ chondrosarcoma published until August 02, 2020. Forty-seven studies reporting 53 cases were included. Chondrosarcomas of the TMJ were more prevalent in women, with a male:female ratio of 1:1.4. Survival curves were significantly associated with histological diagnosis (p = 0.004), reconstructive surgery (p = 0.024), recurrence (p < 0.001), and distant metastasis (p = 0.001). Only distant metastasis was independently associated with survival (p = 0.017). TMJ chondrosarcomas presented with low recurrence and higher survival rates than other chondrosarcomas. Synovial subtype, absence of reconstructive surgery, and presence of local recurrence or distant metastasis were associated with poorer prognosis.

Fatores associados à hanseníase em agentes comunitários de saúde da região amazônica / Factores asociados a la lepra en agentes comunitarios de salud de la región amazónica / Factors associated with leprosy in community health agents in the amazon region

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar os fatores associados àocorrência/incidência de hanseníase em Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS), em Palmas, Tocantins. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado mediante a aplicação de questionário para 301 ACS entre os anos de 2017 e 2018, em Palmas, Tocantins. Realizou-se análise bivariada com a aplicação do teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson e o cálculo das razões de prevalência (RP) com intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC 95%). Resultados: a idade média dos ACS foi de 47 anos, com mínima de 20 e máxima de 67 anos. As razões de chance significativamente associadas foram idade ≥ 36 anos (RC:3,65 IC:1,58-8,44), mulheres (RC:2,58 IC:1,16-5,75), UBS localizada fora do plano diretor (RC:2,22 IC:1,37-3,59), renda familiar inferior a 2 salários mínimos (RC:3,50 IC:2,14-5,74), entre 10 e 18 anos de tempo de serviço como ACS (RC:3,04 IC:1,46-6,32), ter capacitação para hanseníase (RC:2,41 IC:1,24-4,69), maior número de casos de hanseníase acompanhados no território (RC:2,59 IC:1,36-4,94) e naturalidade de outro estado(RC:1,67 IC:1,05-2,67). Ter história familiar foi o único fator associado independente (OR:1,83 IC:1,10-3,02). Conclusão: a hanseníase em ACS foi associada a desfavoráveis condições sociodemográficas, maior experiência com o assunto, tendo como fator isolado ter um familiar doente, de menor renda e que acompanhou mais casos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: investigar los factores asociados a la incidencia de lepra en Agentes Comunitarios de Salud (ACS), en Palmas, Tocantins-Brasil. Métodos: estudio transversal, realizado mediante la aplicación de cuestionario para 301 ACS entre los años 2017 y 2018, en Palmas, Tocantins-Brasil. Se realizó análisis bivariado con la aplicación delaprueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson y el cálculo de la razón de prevalencia (RP) con intervalos de 95% de confianza (IC 95%). Resultados: el promedio de edad de los ACS fue de 47 años, con mínima de 20 y máxima de 67 años. Las razones de probabilidad significativamente asociadas fueron edad ≥36 años (RC:3,65 IC:1,58-8,44), mujeres (RC:2,58 IC:1,16-5,75), UBS ubicada fuera del plan director (RC:2,22 IC:1,37-3,59), ingresos familiares por debajo de 2 sueldos mínimos (RC:3,50 IC:2,14-5,74), entre 10 y 18 años de servicio como ACS (RC:3,04 IC:1,46-6,32), tener capacitación para lepra (RC:2,41 IC:1,24-4,69), mayor número de casos de lepra acompañados en el territorio (RC:2,59 IC:1,36-4,94) y naturalidad de otro estado (RC:1,67 IC:1,05-2,67). Tener historia familiar fue el único factor asociado independiente (OR:1,83 IC:1,10-3,02). Conclusión: la lepra en ACS fue asociada a condiciones adversas sociodemográficas, mayor experiencia con el asunto, teniendo como factor aislado tener un familiar enfermo, de menor renta y que acompañó más casos.

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the factors associated with the occurrence/incidence of leprosy in Community Health Agents (CHA) in Palmas, Tocantins. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted by applying a questionnaire to 301 CHAs between 2017 and 2018, in Palmas, Tocantins. Bivariate analysis was performed using Pearson's chi-square test and calculation of prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: the average age of the CHAs was 47 years old, with a minimum of 20 and a maximum of 67 years old. Odds ratios significantly associated were age ≥ 36 years old (OR: 3.65 CI: 1.58-8.44), women (OR: 2.58 CI: 1.16-5.75), UBS located outside the hospital. master plan (OR: 2.22 CI: 1.37-3.59), family income less than 2 minimum wages (OR: 3.50 CI: 2.14-5.74), between 10 and 18 years of time served as CHA (OR: 3.04 CI: 1.46-6.32), have training for leprosy (OR: 2.41 CI: 1.24-4.69), a higher number of leprosy cases followed up in the territory (OR:2.59 CI:1.36-4.94) and from another state (OR:1.67 CI:1.05-2.67). Having a family history was the only independent associated factor (OR:1.83 CI:1.10-3.02). Conclusion: leprosy in CHA was associated with unfavorable sociodemographic conditions, greater experience with the topic, with the isolated factor having a sick family member, with lower income and who followed more cases.

The meaning of labor activities for young women with breast neoplasms / O significado das atividades laborais para mulheres jovens com neoplasias da mama

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the meaning of work activities for young women with breast cancer. Method: a qualitative study that used as a theoretical framework the Symbolic Interactionism and, as the methodological framework, the Discourse of the Collective Subject. It was developed in a mastology outpatient clinic and a mastectomized rehabilitation center whose data collection took place between February 2014 and January 2015. Twelve women between 18 and 40 years old with up to one year of diagnosis of breast cancer participated, being excluded those with metastasis; interviewed from the guiding question: how is it for you to be young with breast cancer, in relation to work? Thematic content analysis was applied. Results: the following theoretical categories emerged: young women's feelings about having to stop working due to breast cancer and its treatments; quitting work meant annoyance and discouragement; change in income and collection by herself raised concern about the financial contribution; physical changes changing work activities, meaning limitation and impairment; work as an opportunity to live a better life, as a meaning of freedom; lack of collaboration of colleagues in the work environment whose significance was difficulties in the work environment; solidarity and positivity at work and family support that provided them with encouragement to cope with the disease. Conclusion: it was difficult to experience and accept changes in work activities. The support of family, friends and coworkers was paramount to cope with this process, which should also be taken into account by the health team, especially nursing.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender o significado das atividades de trabalho para mulheres jovens com câncer de mama. Método: estudo qualitativo que utilizou como referencial teórico o Interacionismo Simbólico e, metodológico, o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Desenvolvido em um ambulatório de mastologia e em um núcleo de reabilitação de mastectomizadas cuja coleta de dados ocorreu entre fevereiro de 2014 e janeiro de 2015. Participaram 12 mulheres entre 18 e 40 anos com até um ano de diagnóstico do câncer de mama, sendo excluídas aquelas com metástase; entrevistadas a partir da questão norteadora: Como é para você ser jovem com câncer de mama, em relação ao trabalho? Foi aplicada a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: emergiram as seguintes categorias teóricas: sentimentos das mulheres jovens por terem que parar de trabalhar devido ao câncer de mama e a seus tratamentos; parar de trabalhar significou chateação e desânimo; modificação na renda e cobrança por parte de si mesma gerou preocupação com o aporte financeiro; modificações físicas mudando as atividades laborais, significando limitação e prejuízo; trabalho como oportunidade de viver uma vida melhor, como significado de liberdade; ausência de colaboração dos colegas no ambiente laboral cujo significado foi dificuldades no ambiente laboral; solidariedade e positividade no trabalho e apoio familiar que lhes forneceram encorajamento para enfrentar a doença. Conclusão: foi difícil vivenciar e aceitar as alterações nas atividades de trabalho. O apoio de familiares, amigos e colegas de trabalho foi primordial para o enfrentamento desse processo, a que também deve atentar-se a equipe de saúde, especialmente, a enfermagem.

Increased expression of ALDH-1 is associated with clinical parameters of salivary glands neoplasms.

The enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH-1) is a known putative tumour stem cells (TSC) marker, and these cells are implicated in carcinogenesis and progression of human neoplasms. We aimed to evaluate ALDH-1 expression in benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms and its clinicopathological and prognostic significance. Expression of ALDH-1 was investigated by immunohistochemistry and confirmed by Western Blot analysis in 154 salivary gland neoplasms (103 malignant and 51 benign neoplasms). The expression was identified in the parenchyma of malignant (n = 88; 85.6%) and benign (100%) neoplasms. Overall, expression in the parenchyma varied considerably and was not associated with clinical parameters in most malignant neoplasms, however, a high expression in mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) was associated with advanced pathological TNM stage (p = 0.047). The presence of ALDH-1 in stromal cells of malignant neoplasms (n = 67; 65.0%) was associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.032), tumour recurrence (p = 0.006) and death (p = 0.013). Overall and disease-free survival in 5 and 10 years was lower in patients with diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma, tumour recurrence, advanced staging, and presence of ALDH-1 in the stroma. When adjusted by multivariate analysis, advanced staging and stromal expression were independent prognostic factors affecting disease-free survival. Our findings provide evidence that cells characterized as TSC in the parenchyma and stroma are differentially present among the different types of neoplasms studied and may be related to tumourigenesis, biological behaviour and persistence capacity of malignant tumours of the salivary gland.

Comparison of Canal Transportation and Centering Ability of ProGlider and WaveOne Gold Glider in Curved Canals.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the volume variation and maintenance of the root canal position when using the ProGlider 16.02 (PG) and the WaveOne Gold Glider 15.02 (WOGG) file systems for glide path preparation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four moderately curved mesiobuccal canals of maxil-lary first molars were selected and randomly divided into two groups: PG and WOGG. The selected teeth were scanned using microtomography before and after root canal preparation to assess centralization and linear transport at 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm from the apical foramen. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test. The level of significance was 5%. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in volume variation or root canal transport (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference in the centralization of the root canal at 3 mm from the foramen (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: WOGG and PG instruments presented similar results regarding the root canal volume increase and transport. WOGG caused higher decentralization at 3 mm from the apical foramen.

Comparação de diferentes métodos de inserção da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio para preenchimento de canais laterais simulados: estudo in vitro / Comparison of different methods for insertion of calcium hydroxide paste in the filling of simulated lateral canals: in vitro evaluation

Avaliar, em micro-CT, diferentes métodos de inserção da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio para preenchimento de canais laterais simulados em blocos de acrílico. Métodos: Foram utilizados 72 blocos de acrílico com canais laterais simuladas nas porções cervical, média e apical, os quais foram preenchidos com a pasta de hidróxido de cálcio de acordo com os seguintes métodos (n=12): Grupo 1 - lima tipo K #30; Grupo 2 - espiral de Lentulo; Grupo 3 - agitação ultrassônica; Grupo 4 - agitação sônica com EndoActivator; Grupo 5 - seringa + Capillari TIPS; e Grupo 6 - agitação com EasyClean em baixa rotação. Para os grupos que receberam agitação, o canal principal foi preenchido com a pasta utilizando seringa e Capillari Tips. Antes e após o preenchimento, os dentes foram escaneados em micro-CT (SkyScan 1174) e as imagens obtidas foram comparadas utilizando-se o software CTan. O volume de medicação intracanal no interior dos canais simulados foi mensurado e, em seguida, obtida a porcentagem de penetração. Os dados foram submetidos à comparação estatística (p<0,05). Resultados: Os grupos EndoActivator e ultrassom apresentaram resultados significativamente melhores do que a lima #30 nos três níveis analisados, assim como o EasyClean nos terços cervical e médio, e a Lentulo no terço apical, em relação ao Grupo 1 (p <0,05). Nas demais comparações e na análise intragrupos, não houve diferenças significativas (p>0,05). Conclusão: Os métodos de agitação da medicação intracanal, especialmente o ultrassom, proporcionaram uma maior porcentagem de penetração dela em canais laterais simulados (AU).

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze, in micro-CT, the capacity of different methods for insertion of calcium hydroxide paste in the filling of lateral canals simulated in blocks of acrylic. Methods: A total of 72 acrylic blocks with lateral canals simulated in the coronal, middle and apical portions, were used and filled with calcium hydroxide paste, according to the following methods (n = 12): Group 1 - #30 K-file; Group 2 - Lentulo spiral; Group 3 - Ultrasonic agitation; Group 4 - Sonic agitation with EndoActivator; Group 5 - Syringe + Capillary Tips; Group 6 - Agitation with Easy Clean at low speed. For the groups that received agitation, the blocks were filled with the aid of a syringe and Capillary Tips. Each sample was scanned with SkyScan 1174, before and after the filling procedures, and the volume of calcium hydroxide was measured using CTAN software. The percentage of penetration of intracanal medication inside the simulated canals was calculated. Data were statistically compared (p < 0.05). Results: The agitation with EndoActivator and ultrasonic insert promoted a greater penetration of paste with significant statistical differences in relation to the #30 K-file group in the 3 levels analyzed (p < 0.05). Other statistical differences occurred in the comparison between the Easy Clean group and #30 K-file group in the coronal and middle thirds and in the comparison between Lentulo spiral group and #30 K-file group in the apical (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Methods which use agitation devices , such as ultrasonic insert, promoted higher filling of calcium hydroxide in simulated lateral canals (AU).